In this presentation, Stephen Bagley, MD, examines the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in glioblastoma (PD-1 and PD-L1, CTLA-4), a therapy in the early stages of research at Penn Medicine, to elucidate the rationale for the therapy in practice as well as present challenges. Chief among the latter, Dr. Bagley notes, is the weaker T-cell infiltration of glioblastoma by comparison to melanoma and lung cancer, the leading sources for brain metastases. In reviewing current studies, however, Dr. Bagley finds the PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors safe and their efficacy promising in highly selected populations.

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